Ubuntu的apt-get源修改与使用

一、修改apt-get源

# 备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
# 编辑源列表文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容（清华大学镜像源）

# start
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# end

# 更新源
sudo apt-get update
# 备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
# 编辑源列表文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# 将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容（清华大学镜像源）
 
# start
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# end

# 更新源
sudo apt-get update

二、apt-get常用命令

apt-get使用于deb包管理式的操作系统，主要用于自动从互联网的软件仓库照中搜索、安装、升级、卸载软件或操作系统，需要root权限

sudo apt-get update 更新源

sudo apt-get install package 安装包

sudo apt-get remove package 删除包

sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包

sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等

sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包

sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装

sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等

sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境

sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统

sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包

sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖

sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码

sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包

sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖